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Μάθημα: Διαφορικός Λογισμός > Ενότητα 2
Μάθημα 3: Secant lines- Slope of a line secant to a curve
- Secant line with arbitrary difference
- Secant line with arbitrary point
- Secant lines & average rate of change with arbitrary points
- Secant line with arbitrary difference (with simplification)
- Secant line with arbitrary point (with simplification)
- Secant lines & average rate of change with arbitrary points (with simplification)
- Secant lines: challenging problem 1
- Secant lines: challenging problem 2
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Secant line with arbitrary difference (with simplification)
Sal finds and simplifies the expression for the slope of the secant line between x=4 and x=4+h on the graph of y=2x²+1.
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- [Voiceover] A secant line intersects the curve y = 2x squared + 1 at two points with x-coordinates 4 and 4 +
h, where h does not equal 0. What is the slope of the
secant line in terms of h? Your answer must be fully
expanded and simplified. We know the two points that
are on the secant line. It might not be obvious
from how they wrote it but let's make a little table here to make that a little bit clearer. We have x and then we
have y = 2x squared + 1. So we know that when x = 4, what is y going to be equal to? It's gonna be 2(4 squared) + 1 which is the same thing as 2(16) +1 which is the same thing as 32 + 1 so it is going to be 33. What about when x = 4 + h? Well it's going to be 2(4 +h)squared + 1. That's going to be 2 times, let's see, (4 + h)squared is going to be 16 + 8h + h squared and then we have our + 1 still and if we distribute the 2 that's going to get us to
32 + 16h + 2h squared + 1 and then we add the 32 to the 1 and actually I'm gonna
switch the order a little bit so I have the highest degree term first so it's going to be 2h squared + 16h and then + 32 + 1 is 33. We have these two points. We have one point (4, 33) and we have the other point
(4+h, 2h squared + 16h + 33) and we just have to find the slope between these two points because the secant line
contains both of these points. How do we find the slope of a line? We do change in y / change in x. What's our change in y? If we view this as the end point and this as the starting point, our change in y is going
to be this minus that. It's going to be 2h
squared + 16h + 33 - 33, those two are going to
cancel each other out, and then over, what's our change in x? If we ended at 4 + h but then we started at 4 so it's gonna be 4 + h - 4. These two cancel each with each other and we are left with 2h squared + 16h / h. We can divide everything in the numerator and denominator by h and what are we going to get? This is going to be 1. That's just a 1. This is just an h. We have 2h + 16 / 1. Or just 2h + 16. And we're done. This is the slope of the
secant line in terms of h. Once again we just have to think about well the secant line
contains the point (4,f(4)) or 2 times 4 squared + 1 right over here and, well I didn't call this f(x) but I think you get the idea, and then when x is 4 + h this is going to be y and we just found the slope
between these two points.